Respiratory failure
Causes of respiratory failure
Chronic respiratory failure is the long-term inability of the lungs to properly oxygenate the blood.
It can be caused by:
- Diseases directly affecting the lungs, such as emphysema (as in COPD) or pulmonary fibrosis
- Muscle disorders affecting breathing, such as myopathy, or chest wall deformities like kyphoscoliosis
- Diseases of the airways (bronchi) that carry air to the lungs, such as COPD, long-standing asthma, or bronchiectasis
- Disorders of pulmonary circulation, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension
- Severe obesity, which can reduce proper air exchange in the lungs
Most common symptoms
- Shortness of breath, even at rest, which worsens with physical activity
- Muscle loss
- Headaches
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Memory problems
- Difficulty concentrating
- Low mood and depression
- Slow heart rate or high blood pressure
Diagnosing respiratory failure
Respiratory failure is diagnosed by a doctor. A blood gas test (arterial blood gases) is performed to measure oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood. This test can confirm the presence of hypoxemia, meaning there is too little oxygen in the blood.
Blood gas test (arterial blood gases)
A blood gas test involves taking a blood sample from an artery, usually in the wrist (forearm area). The sample is then analyzed to measure:
- PaO₂: the oxygen pressure in arterial blood
- PaCO₂: the carbon dioxide pressure in arterial blood
- pH: the acid-base balance of the blood
- SaO₂: oxygen saturation in the blood
- Bicarbonates (HCO₃⁻): indicators of the body’s acid-base balance
Treatment
Oxygen therapy
Oxygen therapy involves supplying oxygen to a patient using nasal oxygen cannulas (oxygen “glasses”). Oxygen can be stored in liquid or gas form. It can also be delivered through an electric concentrator, which extracts and concentrates oxygen from the air before supplying it to the patient.
Non-invasive ventilation
This device helps improve air exchange in the lungs. It consists of a machine connected to the patient via a tube and a fitted mask. It delivers air when the person begins to inhale, providing enough support to help them breathe more easily.
Medical follow-up
Home care
Elia Médical supports patients treated for respiratory failure through oxygen therapy and/or non-invasive ventilation. These treatments allow patients to remain at home despite their condition.
Treatment management
Our technicians ensure that the equipment is working properly, replace interfaces and consumables, and make sure patients fully understand how to use the devices.
